In terms of opportunity cost, when is a country said to have a comparative advantage?

A country is said to have a comparative advantage when it can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost compared to other goods or countries. This concept is fundamental in economics because it highlights how economies can benefit from specialization and trade.

When a country focuses on producing goods for which it has a comparative advantage, it is able to allocate its resources more efficiently. This means that it sacrifices fewer alternatives when producing a certain good, allowing it to trade with other countries for different goods where those countries have their own comparative advantages.

For instance, if Country A can produce wheat by giving up the production of either 2 tons of corn or 1 ton of wheat, while Country B can produce the same amount of wheat by giving up 3 tons of corn, Country A has a comparative advantage in wheat production because it incurs a lower opportunity cost. This principle encourages countries to engage in trade, enhancing overall economic welfare and resource allocation globally.

The other options do not accurately characterize the concept of comparative advantage. Simply producing more goods than a neighbor does not reflect opportunity costs, and producing at a higher price or with less total resources does not necessarily imply a comparative advantage. The essence of comparative advantage is rooted in the principle of lower opportunity costs.