Perfect competition and monopoly are considered to be _____.

Perfect competition and monopoly are considered opposite market structures because they represent two extremes in the spectrum of market organization. In a perfectly competitive market, many firms sell identical products, allowing for free entry and exit of businesses. This leads to a situation where no single firm can influence the market price, and consumers benefit from a wide variety of choices and generally lower prices.

In contrast, a monopoly exists when a single firm dominates the market, offering a unique product without close substitutes. This monopolistic firm has significant control over pricing, often leading to higher prices for consumers and reduced overall market efficiency. The contrast lies in the number of sellers, the level of competition, and the price-setting power each structure affords to firms.

Understanding this distinction highlights the fundamental differences in how these market structures operate, affecting both consumer choices and economic efficiency.